This chapter discusses the application of radiation protection principles (also known as health physics) in diagnostic x-ray and nuclear imaging, image-guided interventional procedures, and therapy with radioactive material. To a large degree, the success of radiation protection programs depends on the development of procedures for the safe use of radiation and radioactive material and the education of staff about radiation safety principles, the risks associated with radiation exposure and contamination, and the procedures for safe use. Radiation protection programs are designed and implemented to ensure compliance with these regulations. Federal and state governments and even some large municipalities have agencies that promulgate regulations regarding the safe use of radiation and radioactive material. 2-hydroxyglutarate peak: resonates at 2.It is incumbent upon all individuals who use radiation in medicine to strive for an optimal compromise between its clinical utility and the risk from radiation doses to patients, staff, and the public.arterial spin labeling (ASL) MR perfusion.dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MR perfusion.dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion.metal artifact reduction sequence (MARS).turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM).fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR).diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography.MRI pulse sequences ( basics | abbreviations | parameters).iodinated contrast-induced thyrotoxicosis.iodinated contrast media adverse reactions.clinical applications of dual-energy CT.as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).(1975) The American journal of physiology. Effect of pH on ionic exchange and function in rat and rabbit myocardium. Specificity studies on alpha-mannosidases using oligosaccharides from mannosidosis urine as substrates. Hultberg B, Lundblad A, Masson PK, Ockerman PA.
(1975) Biochemical and biophysical research communications. Effect of chloroquine on cultured fibroblasts: release of lysosomal hydrolases and inhibition of their uptake. Wiesmann UN, DiDonato S, Herschkowitz NN. Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology E-Book. Dixon, Jonathan H Gillard, Cornelia Schaefer-Prokop, Ronald G. Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography. Lead gloves should be used when the user's hands are close to the primary beam in fluoroscopy-guided interventions. Lead gloves can attenuate the primary beam from 25.8-26.5% 6. Many users who need to be this close to the patient during fluoroscopy-guided procedures require the dexterity of their fingers for the procedure however and may not be able to use such gloves which are invariably bulky. In these cases, the user must make sure their hands are not in the beam for any longer than is absolutely necessary. Despite a general awareness that the thyroid gland is sensitive to radiation, studies have found there are no clear protocols for thyroid shield use 4,5. It is worth noting that not all personal protection equipment (PPE) is equal in efficacy and the rating should be checked before use 5. Thyroid shields should be worn whenever a lead apron is used and should be worn quite tightly. Lead glasses have a higher lead equivalency than lead aprons and are usually 0.75 mm of lead equivalence.Īs the lens of the eye is susceptible to cataracts which is a deterministic effect of radiation it is extremely important to protect the eyes from radiation. Lead glasses are another important piece of radiation protection and should be used by radiation users/workers in the operating suite or other areas where radiation is being used, such as the cardiac catheterization lab or angiography room.
A 0.5 mm thick lead apron reduces scatter radiation crack#
Lead aprons should be stored on appropriate racks, and avoiding folding or creasing as this will crack the lead, and should be tested annually to assess for cracks 2,3. The choice between the different aprons lies between the balance of radiation protection and injury from wearing a heavier apron.
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